Arterial Disease

High blood pressure contributes to arteriosclerosis, a general term for thickening and hardening of the arteries. As we grow older, it is normal to develop some thickening of the arteries. However, if it is advanced arteriosclerosis, heart disease is possible.

One specific type of arteriosclerosis that contributes to heart disease is atherosclerosis, which is derived from the Greek words athero (meaning gruel or paste) and sclerosis (meaning hardness). Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by the buildup of plaque in arteries. Plaque is made up of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste, calcium, and fibrin. Plaque can partially or totally block blood flow through arteries. Two things can happen: bleeding into the plaque, or formation of clots on the surface of the plaque. If any of these occur and obstruct the arteries, heart attack or stroke may occur.

Several factors contribute to the development of atherosclerosis are high blood pressure, cigarette smoke, and high cholesterol levels. Learn more about atherosclerosis.